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Which is this IPv6 protocol about of which everyone speaks ?

IPv6 is a new Protocol Internet, intended has to replace IPv4 (current protocol IP) in the future
it offers a better flexibility, a better safety, and finally (more waited) - a gigantic space of addresses.
The transition will not be done has one hour precise but gradually, currently it already started ...

One of these principal advantages is that it has a *VERY* large field of broad addresses

for IPv4 it is of the 32 bits: x.x.x.x où 0 < x < 255
a valid IPv4 address can be 193.252.180.154

for IPv6 it is of the 128 bits: xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx where 0 < x =< f (hex value)
a valid IPv6 address can be 3ffe:1200:3028:84ef:0000:0000:0000:0080 (IPv6 of this site)
who is the equivalent of 3ffe:1200:3028:84ef::80 - read the section IPv6 notation for more information

Protocol in details :

• Addresses on 128 bits
• Notation CIDR is completely adopted and the concept of classes is definitively abandoned ( IPv6 / prefix length )
• Address Types
  • Unicast RFC 2374
  • Anycast
  • Multicast RFC 2375

• FP
  • Prefix format for the addresses of the type << Aggregatable Global Unicast Adress >>
  • prefix Value 001(0) ou 2000::/3
  • 1/8 of the space of IPv6 addressing
• TLA ID
  • Top Level Agregation Identifier
  • on 13 bits => 8192 possibilities
  • prefix length : /16
• SUB TLA ID
  • Sub Top Level Agregation Identifier
  • prefix length : /29
• NLA ID
  • Next-Level Agregation Identifier
  • prefix length : /48
• /48 Représente l'ensemble de la topologie publique
• SLA ID
  • Site-Level Agregation Identifier
  • On 16 bits => 65535 subnet
  • prefix length : /64
• /64 Represent the portion of the network
• Interface ID
  • Interface Identifier
  • Identifier of total interface on 64 bits
  • Format EUI-64 of L'IEEE
• Aggregation of the fields of 0

-Ex:   3ffe:1200:3028:84ef:0000:0000:0000:0001

Become 3ffe:1200:3028:84ef::1/64

• Loopback Address ::1
• Indefinite Address ::
• Link-Local Address FE80::/64
• Until now new recording of the type AAAA (RFC 1886)
• Today replaced by A6 (not totally) (RFC 2874)
• Until now new reverse zone ip6.int (before : in-addr.arpa)

• Length of prefix 40 bytes (64-128-128)
• 8 Fields for IPv6 instead of 14 for IPv4
• More field checksum (saving of significant time in the routers)
• The option left the heading, it are between this one and the data
• Alignment on 64 bits
• CF RFC 2460 (remplace RFC 1883)
• Neighbor Discovery (RFC 2461)
  • Use 5 ICMPv6 Messages (RFC 2463)
  • Allow <<State Less>> configuration (RFC 2462)
  • Recovery of the prefix network
  • For the routers, facilities at the time of the change of prefix
• DHCPv6
• Path MTU Discovery (RFC 1981)
• Utilities and Protocols
  • ping, telnet, ftp, rlogin, etc ...
  • Server www & clients
  • sendmail, DNS
  • Neighbor Discovery
  • IPsec
  • RIPng, BGP4+, IDRP
  • No serious implementation of new functionalities DNS
  • Idem for the internal protocol of routing, right RIPng for the moment (No OSPFng)
  • Books/Documents
    • IPv6 theory and practical Gizèle Cizault O' Reilly (2em edition)
    • RFC 2373 Adressing Architecture
    • RFC 2374 Aggregatable Global Unicast Adress Format
    • RFC 2375 Multicast Adress Assignment
    • RFC 2450 TLA Assignment

Where then I to download IPv6 ?

You can't :). A protocol is not downloadable. It is used to download other things
What you "can" download is an implementation of IPv6 on your operating system, if it exists